← Unit 4: Pioneering contributions to Sociology:Thinkers
1. Pattern Variables: Fundamental Dilemmas of Social Action
Connecting Action and System
DefinitionPattern Variables: Five dichotomous alternatives of value orientation which actors must choose between before acting in any social situation
The Link Between Action and System:
| Concept | Role |
|---|---|
| Social Action | Individual behaviour guided by meaning and norms |
| Social System | Patterned interaction of multiple actors |
| Pattern Variables | The connecting link between action and system |
Why Pattern Variables?
According to Parsons, in the performance of roles, individuals face dilemmas which occur due to improper internalisation of values related to role-expectation. These strains in role performance are reflected in five sets of dilemmas, placed dichotomously, with each side representing one polar extreme. The social actor has to choose one side before the actor can act.
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In these notes
- Pattern Variables: Fundamental Dilemmas of Social Action
- Defining Pattern Variables
- The Five Pattern Variables
- Affectivity vs Affective Neutrality
- Self-Orientation vs Collectivity-Orientation
- Universalism vs Particularism
- Ascription vs Achievement
- Specificity vs Diffuseness
- Pattern Variables and Role Dilemmas
- Primary vs Secondary Relationships
- Four Ideal-Typical Social Structures
- Why Pattern Variables Matter
- Critical Evaluation
- Strengths and Limitations
- Q: What are Pattern Variables? Explain Any Three with Examples
- Q: Examine Parsons' Concept of Pattern Variables. Discuss Their Importance and Criticisms.
- Quick Revision Summary
- How to Write Answers on Pattern Variables
- Expected Questions for OPSC/UPSC
- Complete Summary
- Memory Aids for Pattern Variables