1. Universalisation of Primary Education: Constitutional Mandate
Three Dimensions of Universalisation
DefinitionUniversalisation of Primary Education: Ensuring universal access, enrolment, and retention of all children in primary education - a constitutional commitment under Article 45
Constitutional Mandate:
"The State shall endeavour to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years within ten years from the commencement of the Constitution." - Article 45
Three Dimensions:
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In these notes
- Universalisation of Primary Education: Constitutional Mandate
- Constitutional and Policy Provisions
- Wastage and Stagnation: Understanding the Problem
- Dropout Rates - Historical and Contemporary
- Socio-Economic Causes of Wastage and Stagnation
- Educational Causes of Wastage and Stagnation
- The Medium of Instruction Problem
- District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) and Non-Formal Education
- National Literacy Mission, MLL and Teacher Training
- Decentralised Planning and Community Involvement
- Kerala Model: Universal Education Achieved
- Contemporary Challenges in Universalisation
- Sociological Perspectives on Universalisation
- Solutions and Recommendations
- Community Participation in Education
- Role of Community in Education
- Government Initiatives Promoting Community Participation
- State Intervention in Education
- State Intervention in Indian Education
- Q: Discuss the Problems of Universalisation of Primary Education in India
- Q: Discuss the Role of Community and State Intervention in Education
- Quick Revision Summary
- How to Write Answers on Education
- Expected Questions for OPSC/UPSC
- Complete Summary