Indian art and architecture
| Period | Key works |
|---|---|
| Mauryan | Ashokan pillars (polished sandstone, Chunar); Lion Capital of Sarnath (National Emblem); Didarganj Yakshi; Barabar caves (Ajivikas) |
| Shunga–Satavahana | Stupas of Sanchi (gateways/toranas), Bharhut, Amaravati |
| Kushana | Gandhara school (Greek influence, grey schist, Buddha with wavy hair) and Mathura school (red sandstone, indigenous); Amaravati school (white marble, south) |
| Rock-cut caves | Ajanta (Buddhist, paintings), Ellora (Buddhist, Hindu, Jain — 34 caves), Elephanta, Karle chaitya, Udayagiri–Khandagiri (Jain, Odisha — Rani Gumpha, Hathigumpha) |
| Indo-Islamic | Qutub Minar (Aibak–Iltutmish), Alai Darwaza (first true arch), Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur, whispering gallery), Charminar (1591) |
| Mughal | Humayun's tomb (first garden tomb, Persian double dome), Fatehpur Sikri (Buland Darwaza), Taj Mahal (Shah Jahan, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri), Red Fort, Jama Masjid |
| Colonial | Victoria Memorial, Gateway of India, Indo-Saracenic style; New Delhi by Lutyens and Baker |
Odisha crafts: Pattachitra (Raghurajpur), silver filigree (Tarakasi, Cuttack), applique (Pipili), stone carving, Dhokra (Mayurbhanj), Sambalpuri and Bomkai ikat sarees, Konark sand art (Sudarsan Pattnaik).