Part of the General Studies-III question bank for OPSC (OAS) Mains.
A comprehensive, topic-wise practice set of 45 questions on Cropping Patterns, Irrigation & Crop Diversification for OPSC (OAS) Mains General Studies-III. 24 of them have been set in an actual paper — the years and exams are printed against each (2026, 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2024, 2023). The rest are practice questions on the same syllabus points.
Previous year questions
| No. | Question | Asked in |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | How Indian agriculture has been transformed from food scarcity to food surplus level? Explain the various government policies implemented for diversification of Indian agriculture. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2026 15m,250w |
| 2 | Describe the various Technology Missions initiated in Indian agriculture and examine their role in food security. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2026 10m,150w |
| 3 | Explain the factors influencing the decision of the farmers on the selection of high value crops in India. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2025 150w |
| 4 | Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2024 10m,150w |
| 5 | What are the major challenges faced by the Indian irrigation system in recent times? State the measures taken by the government for efficient irrigation management. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2024 15m,250w |
| 6 | Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2023 250w/15m |
| 7 | What is Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2022 — |
| 8 | How and to what extent would micro‑irrigation help in solving India's water crisis? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2021 150w |
| 9 | What is the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2021 250w |
| 10 | What are the major factors responsible for making rice‑wheat system a success? In spite of this success how has this system become bane in India? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2020 — |
| 11 | Suggest measures to improve water storage and irrigation system to make its judicious use under depleting scenario. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2020 — |
| 12 | How can biotechnology improve the living standards of farmers? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2019 — |
| 13 | How far is the Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2019 — |
| 14 | Elaborate on the impact of the National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production from water‑stressed areas. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2019 — |
| 15 | How was India benefited from the contributions of Sir M.Visvesvaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan in the fields of water engineering and agricultural science respectively? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2019 — |
| 16 | Sikkim is the first 'Organic State' in India. What are the ecological and economical benefits of Organic State? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2018 — |
| 17 | Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2018 — |
| 18 | How has the emphasis on certain crops brought about changes in cropping patterns in recent past? Elaborate the emphasis on millets production and consumption. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2018 — |
| 19 | What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How crop diversification is helpful to stabilize the yield of the crop in the system? | UPSC Mains GS-III 2017 — |
| 20 | What is water‑use efficiency? Describe the role of micro‑irrigation in increasing the water‑use efficiency. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2016 — |
| 21 | What is allelopathy? Discuss its role in major cropping systems of irrigated agriculture. | UPSC Mains GS-III 2016 — |
| 22 | Given the vulnerability of Indian agriculture to vagaries of nature, discuss the need for crop insurance and bring out the salient features of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). | UPSC Mains GS-III 2016 — |
| 23 | Discuss the role of micro‑irrigation in increasing the water‑use efficiency in India. How do you relate the changes in cropping pattern with the development of irrigation system in the country? | OPSC OAS Mains 2024 20m,300w – Group B |
| 24 | How do cropping patterns in India vary across regions and what role does irrigation play in enhancing productivity? What are the major constraints in irrigation development in Odisha? | OPSC OAS Mains 2023 20m,300w – Group B |
Practice questions
| No. | Question | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | Promoting millet cultivation is beneficial for both nutritional security and environmental sustainability. Discuss. | — |
| 26 | Assess the capabilities of embedding technology missions in managing direct and indirect farm subsidies in India. Highlight solutions to challenges impeding full utilization of these technological missions. | — |
| 27 | Discussing the potential of the horticulture sector in augmenting farmers' income and mention government initiatives that have been implemented to support this sector. | — |
| 28 | Exemplify challenges faced in the mechanisation of Indian agriculture and suggest policy interventions that could mitigate these issues ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. | — |
| 29 | Considering the Fourth Industrial Revolution's capability for agriculture, propose a multi-faceted strategy for India to technologically empower its farmers. | — |
| 30 | Discuss various issues impeding the realisation of remunerative pricing for farmers and suggest sustainable solutions to overhaul the agricultural pricing structure. | — |
| 31 | Critically examine the significance of agroforestry in advancing climate-resilient agricultural practices. | — |
| 32 | Exemplify the significance of micro-irrigation for Indian agriculture and elucidate the various issues hindering its adoption, considering India's diverse agronomic landscapes and socio-economic barriers. | — |
| 33 | Elucidate the effects and hurdles associated with digitalisation of agriculture. Propose a framework for the responsible, sustainable, and equitable integration of digital technologies in the agricultural sector. | — |
| 34 | Discuss government initiatives for promoting efficient use of fertilisers in the context of adverse effects of growing fertiliser subsidies. Suggest strategic recommendations for sustainable fertiliser management in future policies. | — |
| 35 | Elucidate the scope and potential of land banks in enhancing the economic, social, and cultural value of local assets and resources. | — |
| 36 | Critically examine the blockchain based land records for land administration and governance in India? | — |
| 37 | Highlight the potential benefits of land leasing for landless and marginal farmers, along with the associated challenges? Discuss how NITI Aayog's Model Agriculture Land Leasing Act 2016 seeks to legalise and streamline this process. | — |
| 38 | Discuss the impact of seed technology on agricultural productivity. Elaborate on the policies and regulations that have been put in place to foster seed technology in India, Additionally, explore avenues for global cooperation to further enhance India's seed technology capabilities. | — |
| 39 | Critically analyse the statement, 'Subsidies may be a hidden culprit in India's farm crisis.' Suggest strategies for the phased reduction of unsustainable subsidies and convert them to capital investments. | — |
| 40 | Elucidate the potential of precision agriculture technologies in enhancing agricultural productivity and role of government policies in facilitating their adoption. | — |
| 41 | Critically examine the potential of the 'Blue Revolution' and the 'Pink Revolution' for sustainable agriculture and nutritional security. How can aquaculture and animal rearing be integrated to enhance income and employment in rural areas? | — |
| 42 | With the rise of urbanisation, there is increasing interest in urban and vertical farming methods. Analyse their effectiveness in growing population density. | — |
| 43 | Explain the role of technology in improving irrigation practices and boosting land productivity and farm income along with limitations it holds. | — |
| 44 | Briefly explain the concept of airdrop irrigation and its benefits? Discuss the suitability of airdrop irrigation for arid and water-scarce regions in the context of India. | — |
| 45 | Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of monocropping and mixed cropping systems in Indian agriculture. How can farmers strike a balance between the two for sustainable agricultural practices? | — |
| 46 | The rise of digital agriculture has led to the development of various farming apps and platforms that provide real-time information. Discuss their role in affecting the productivity of farm produce and specify concerned challenges. | — |
| 47 | Elucidate how the 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, Jai Vigyan, Jai Anusandhan' vision can potentially address present day challenge. | — |
| 48 | Critically examine the role of crop diversification in ensuring food security and soil health in India's agricultural system. | — |