Part of the General Studies-I question bank for OPSC (OAS) Mains.
A comprehensive, topic-wise practice set of 45 questions on Climatology & Weather Phenomena for OPSC (OAS) Mains General Studies-I. 13 of them have been set in an actual paper — the years and exams are printed against each (2026, 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2015). The rest are practice questions on the same syllabus points.
Previous year questions
| No. | Question | Asked in |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | What is the Fujiwhara effect? Explain its impact on the movement and intensity of tropical cyclones. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2026 10 marks |
| 2 | Compare the Loo, Chinook and Foehn winds with respect to their regions of prevalence, their nature and climatic impacts. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2026 15 marks |
| 3 | How are climate change and the sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2025 10 marks |
| 4 | In the age of climate change, global warming plays a critical role in melting of snow and ice cover. Discuss with suitable examples. | OPSC OAS Mains 2024 15 marks |
| 5 | What is sea surface temperature rise? How does it affect the formation of tropical cyclones? | UPSC Mains GS-I 2024 10 marks |
| 6 | What is the phenomenon of 'cloudbursts'? Explain. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2024 10 marks |
| 7 | Chennai and Mangalore approximately lie on the same latitude, yet both places receive different amount of rainfall in different months. Why? How do you foresee the role of Arctic Sea in India's monsoon system? Discuss. | OPSC OAS Mains 2023 15 marks |
| 8 | Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2023 10 marks |
| 9 | Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological department. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2023 10 marks |
| 10 | Troposphere is a very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather processes. How? | UPSC Mains GS-I 2023 15 marks |
| 11 | Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum- Pacific Zone. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2022 10 marks |
| 12 | The process of desertification does not have climate boundaries. Justify with examples. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2022 10 marks |
| 13 | Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2022 10 marks |
| 14 | Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2021 10 marks |
| 15 | Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2021 15 marks |
| 16 | How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human activities on the Earth? Explain. | UPSC Mains GS-I 2021 15 marks |
| 17 | How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far-reaching impact on the water resources of India? | UPSC Mains GS-I 2020 10 marks |
| 18 | Explain the role of monsoon on the agriculture of India. | OPSC OAS Mains 2019 10 marks |
| 19 | Describe the origin of Nor' Westers in Eastern India. | OPSC OAS Mains 2018 10 marks |
| 20 | How is volcanic eruptions in India explained by tectonic theory? | OPSC OAS Mains 2018 10 marks |
| 21 | Explain the main characteristics of Indian climate and discuss the spatial distribution of rainfall in the country with special reference to its relief and location. | OPSC OAS Mains 2015 10 marks |
Practice questions
| No. | Question | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 22 | Volcanism has both positive and negative impacts on climate, the environment, and human life. Discuss. | — |
| 23 | Highlight the geological significance of the Pacific Ring of Fire, its impact on global tectonics, and the measures that countries around this region can adopt to mitigate the risks posed by its geological phenomena. | — |
| 24 | Explore the classification of seismic waves and elucidate their role in enhancing scientific comprehension of the Earth's interior. | — |
| 25 | Discuss the phenomenon of geomagnetic reversal and elucidate its causes. | — |
| 26 | Explore the phenomenon & types of thermal inversion, investigating the unique elements that play a role in its manifestation within the atmosphere. | — |
| 27 | Describe the characteristics of the trade wind inversion and its effects on weather conditions in the tropics. | — |
| 28 | Elaborate on the process of air mass formation while also providing a general classification of air masses. | — |
| 29 | Discuss the interweaving of various factors that impact the Earth's heat budget. Analyse how alterations in the cryosphere can disrupt this delicate equilibrium, triggering potential consequences for the planet's thermal balance. | — |
| 30 | In a nutshell briefly describe concept of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Also, explore its relation to global atmospheric circulation. | — |
| 31 | Briefly delineate the phenomenon of Triple-Dip La Niña. Also explain the causal factors linked to it, subsequently, mentioning the impact it has on global weather pattern. | — |
| 32 | In what ways are cyclones and anticyclones similar, and how do they differ? | — |
| 33 | Delve into the meteorological conditions associated with extratropical cyclones while elaborating on their distinctive characteristics. | — |
| 34 | Discuss the difference between tropical and temperate cyclones. Explain the conditions favorable for the formation of Tropical Cyclones. | — |
| 35 | Elucidate the challenges posed by the phenomenon of the 'bomb cyclone'. Also, suggest measures to mitigate its adverse effects. | — |
| 36 | What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico? | — |
| 37 | What are aurora australis and aurora borealis? How are these triggered? | — |
| 38 | Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks. | — |
| 39 | Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological department. | — |
| 40 | Troposphere is a very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather processes. How? | — |
| 41 | Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum- Pacific Zone. | — |
| 42 | The process of desertification does not have climate boundaries. Justify with examples. | — |
| 43 | Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment. | — |
| 44 | Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats. | — |
| 45 | Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples. | — |